一、 Inkqubo yovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa
Imigangatho eyahlukileyo ibonelela ngenkqubo yovavanyo eyahluke kancinane, eli nqaku ukuya kwi-GJB 150.11A-2009 "izixhobo zomkhosi iindlela zovavanyo lokusingqongileyo Icandelo le-11: uvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa" njengomzekelo, cacisa inkqubo yovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa, kubandakanya nokuthe ngqo:
1.Umgangatho wovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa: GJB 150.11A-2009
2.Uvavanyo lonyango lwangaphambili: susa ungcoliseko, njengeoyile, igrisi, uthuli, unyango lwangaphambili kufuneka lube luncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
3.Uvavanyo lokuqala: ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lokusebenza kombane kunye noomatshini, ukurekhoda idatha yesiseko.
4.Amanyathelo ovavanyo:
a.Lungisa ubushushu begumbi lokuvavanya ukuya kuma-35 ° C kwaye ugcine i-specimen ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-2;
b.Ukutshiza iiyure ezingama-24 okanye njengoko kuchaziwe;
c.Yomisa imizekelo kwiqondo lobushushu le-15 ° C ukuya kuma-35 ° C kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo okungekho ngaphezu kwe-50% kwiiyure ezingama-24 okanye ixesha elithile;
d.Phinda isitshizi setyuwa kunye nenkqubo yokomisa kube kanye ukugqiba yomibini imijikelo.
5.Ukubuyisela: Sula imizekelo ngobunono ngamanzi abalekayo.
6.Uvavanyo lokugqibela: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, iimvavanyo zokusebenza komzimba kunye nombane ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nokurekhoda kweziphumo zovavanyo.
7.Uhlalutyo lweziphumo: Hlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo kwimiba emithathu: ngokomzimba, umbane kunye nomhlwa.
二、 Izinto ezichaphazela uvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa
Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa ziquka: ubushushu bovavanyo kunye nokufuma, ukuxinana kwesisombululo setyuwa, i-engile yokubekwa kwesampulu, ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo setyuwa, ubungakanani bokubekwa kwetyuwa yokutshiza kunye indlela yokutshiza.
1) Vavanya ubushushu kunye nokufuma
Ukonakala kwesitshizi setyuwa ngokusisiseko kuvela kwiimpendulo zemathiriyeli ye-electrochemical, apho ubushushu kunye nokufuma kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumodareyitheni isantya sokusabela.Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kudla ngokubangela ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kokutya kokutshizwa kwetyuwa.I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) iye yasikhanyisa esi siganeko ngezifundo zovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lokutya kwe-atmospheric, iphawula ukuba ukunyuka kwe-10°C kunokwandisa izinga lokutya nge-action ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ngelixa kukwanyusa i-electrolyte conductivity nge-10 ukuya kuma-20. %.
Nangona kunjalo, ayikokunyuka nje komgca;elona zinga lokutya alisoloko lihambelana nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngendlela ethe ngqo.Ukuba ubushushu bokulinga bunyuka kakhulu, umahluko phakathi kwendlela yokutshiza yetyuwa kunye neemeko zehlabathi zokwenyani zinokuvela, oko kubangela ukuthandabuza ukuthembeka kweziphumo.
Ibali lahlukile ngokufuma.I-Metal corrosion ineqondo lokufuma elibalulekileyo, malunga ne-70%, ngaphaya apho ityuwa iqala ukunyibilika, idala i-electrolyte eqhubayo.Ngokuchaseneyo, njengoko amanqanaba okufuma esihla, ukuxinana kwesisombululo setyuwa kuyenyuka de kubekho imvula yetyuwa eyikristale, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthobeni okulandelayo kumazinga okubola.Ngumdaniso othambileyo phakathi kobushushu kunye nokufuma, nganye iphembelela enye ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo, ukumisela isantya sokumatsha komhlwa ukuya phambili.
2I-pH yesisombululo setyuwa
I-pH yesisombululo setyuwa yenye yezinto eziphambili ekumiseleni iziphumo zovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa.Xa i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-7.0, ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-hydrogen kwisisombululo kwandisa njengoko i-pH iyancipha kwaye i-asidi iyanda, ngoko kwandisa ukuhlwa.
3) I-engile yokubeka isampuli
Xa isitshizi setyuwa siwela phantse ngokuthe nkqo, indawo eqikelelweyo yesampulu yonyuka ukuba isampulu ikwimo ethe tye, ekhokelela kukhukuliseko oluqatha lomphezulu wesampulu ngesitshizi setyuwa, kwaye ngaloo ndlela yandisa iqondo lokuthotywa.
4)Ukugxilwa kwesisombululo setyuwa
Indlela ukuxinwa kwesisombululo setyuwa kuchaphazela ngayo izinga lokubola kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokugubungela umphezulu.Xa i-concentration ingadluli ipesenti ze-5, sibona ukuba izinga lokubola kwensimbi, i-nickel kunye nobhedu landa njengoko ukuxinwa kwesisombululo kuphakama;ngokuchaseneyo, xa ugxininiso ludlula ipesenti ezi-5, izinga lokubola kwezi zinyithi libonisa utyekelo lokugqwesa ngokungafaniyo nokwanda koxinzelelo.Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-cadmium kunye nobhedu, izinga lokubola lihlala lihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuxinana kwesisombululo setyuwa, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama koxinzelelo, ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza kwesantya.
Ukongeza koku, izinto ezichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa zibandakanya: ukuphazamiseka kovavanyo, unyango lovavanyo lovavanyo, indlela yokutshiza, ixesha lokutshiza, njalo njalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-02-2024